Furthermore a number of risk factors for problematic Internet pornography use have been identified, such as male gender, being young, lack of religiosity, intense Internet use, unpleasant mood states, inclination to sexual boredom, and novelty seeking (Ballester-Arnal, Castro Calvo, Gil-Llario, & Gil-Julia, 2017 Frangos, Frangos, & Sotiropoulos, 2011 Š tulhofer, Jurin, & Briken, 2016).Īccording to the recent adaptation of the I-PACE model, desire thinking and craving might be closely related to problematic Internet pornography use. These include the compulsion to achieve a specific desired target, the perception of losing control, the repetitive implementation of maladaptive behaviours despite awareness of the negative consequences, and craving (Brand et al., 2011 Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013 Skinner & Aubin, 2010 Tiffany & Wray, 2012). Notably, a wide array of evidence (e.g., Brand et al., 2016 Elmquist, Shorey, Anderson, & Stuart, 2016 Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016 Love, Laier, Brand, Hatch, & Hajela, 2015 Walsh et al., 2020) shows similarities between problematic Internet pornography use and substance use disorders or other behavioural addictions in terms of neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioural mechanisms.
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